All, Something elementary, I'm sure, that I'm not understanding. I'm trying to achieve parallel footnotes in arab/english texts, ie. each footnote in the Arabic text has a corresponding footnote in the English text. Both should point to the same footnote text. Like this: <body> <text> <div type='arText'> <lb /> some arab <ref target="#N01">text</ref> <lb /> more arab <ref target="#N02">text</ref> </div> <div type='enText'> <lb /> some english <ref target="#N01">text</ref> <lb /> more english <ref target="#N02">text</ref> </div> <div type='fnotes'> <note xml:id="N01">text for note ONE</note> <note xml:id="N02">text for note TWO</note> </div> </text> </body> I thought to use TeX's \note[ref], but the following doesn't seem to work. \startxmlsetups xml:ref \define\thisRefName{\xmlatt{#1}{target}} \xmldoifelse{#1}{parent::div[@type='arText']} {\footnote[\thisRefName]{\xmlfirst{#1}{root::/body/text/div[@type='fnotes']/note[@xml:id==string.sub('\xmlatt{#1}{target}',2)]}}} {\note[\thisRefName]} \xmlflush{#1} \stopxmlsetups \startxmlsetups xml:div:fnotes \placefootnotes \stopxmlsetups I just get ?? for the reference markers in the English text. Any clues as to what I'm doing wrong; or, is there a better way altogether to approach this? Jon