On Wed, 24 Aug 2016 17:43:03 -0600
Todd DeVries
In this excerpt, the following APA style formatting errors occur:
1. The first reference is cited as “Hartley, M.T. (2013).” There is usually a space separating these initials. Between the M. and T. in this reference.
Yes, there should be spaces between initials. There were spaces before, and I will see why they disappeared and fix it.
2. The word “and” is appearing in both parenthetical and in-text citations. When a reference is completely within parentheses, the last author should be separated by the & (Ampersand) character.
Yes, authoryears should use "and" and authoryear should use "&". I'll fix it. However, the APA style goes even further: "Precede the final name in a multiple-author citation in running text by the word and. In parenthetical material, in tables and captions, and in the reference list, join the names by an ampersand (&)" How far should we go in dealing with tables and captions???
3. The last reference has 3 authors and should be written as Koch et al (2014) instead, it replicates the entire list of authors previously cited.
Formally: "Invert all authors’ names; give surnames and initials for up to and including seven authors (e.g., Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C.). When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors’ names, then insert three ellipsis points, and add the last author’s name (see Chapter 7, Example 2). In text, follow the citation guidelines in section 6.12." "6.12 When a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in text. When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within a paragraph." So, indeed, the second citation should have Koch et al., but... Hans and I discussed this. It is a particularity of the APA style and can get really tricky to program if we are to respect the following part of section 6.12: "Exception: If two references of more than three surnames with the same year shorten to the same form (e.g., both Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, & Kim, 2001, and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, DeVet, & Silver, 2001, shorten to Ireys et al., 2001), cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and et al." It becomes messy: "When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) and the year for the first and subsequent citations. (See section 6.27 and Example 2 in Chapter 7 for how to cite works with more than six authors in the reference list.) If two references with six or more authors shorten to the same form, cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and et al." So we set the etallimit to 5 and etaldisplay to 1 in citations and etallimit to 7 and etaldisplay to 6 in the bibligraphy list. If, by poor chance two references shorten to the same form, than you are out of luck for now! Alan