Hello LuaTeX developers, I am facing a classic and difficult layout problem when using the *cuted* package to switch from *twocolumn* to *onecolumn* (using *\switchonecolumn* ). When I do this, two things break: 1. *Footnote Misplacement:* Footnotes that are declared just before the *\switchonecolumn *command are pushed to the previous page, often creating an unwanted blank page. 2. *Float Drifting:* A *figure** float with the *[b] *(bottom) option (using *stfloats*) is not placed at the bottom of the page. It drifts to the very end of the document. I have an MWE (below) that demonstrates both issues. My question for this list is:* Could LuaTeX's capabilities offer a more robust solution to this problem?* I understand this is a complex issue related to TeX's output routine, column balancing, and float/footnote queues, which the* cuted* package tries to manage with TeX macros (like *\onecolumngrid*). Is it conceivable that a Lua-based approach (perhaps using callbacks like *pre_output_filter* or managing the vertical lists directly) could handle the transition? For example, could Lua be used to: - Force-process the pending floats and footnotes before the column switch is executed? - "Snapshot" the state of the footnote/float lists and re-insert them correctly after the switch? I am raising this here specifically to ask if a Lua-based solution is a viable path to explore for this kind of complex page-layout challenge, where traditional package macros seem to struggle. Thank you for any insights. Any help would be greatly appreciated. *MWE:* \documentclass[twocolumn]{article} \usepackage{lipsum}\usepackage{stfloats}\usepackage{cuted} \begin{document} \section{Introduction} Para 1: \lipsum[1-5] \begin{figure}[t]\fbox{\vbox to 10pc{\hbox to .98\columnwidth{}}}\caption{This is single col figure 1.}\end{figure} Para 2: \lipsum[6-8] \begin{figure*}[b]\fbox{\vbox to 10pc{\hbox to \textwidth{}}}\caption{single col figure 2.}\end{figure*} Para 3: \lipsum[8]\footnote{fn1}\footnote{fn2} Para 4: \lipsum[8] \switchonecolumn \section*{Appendix} Para A1: \lipsum[1-4] \switchtwocolumn \end{document} *Current output:* [image: current output] https://i.sstatic.net/gYezEZ3I.png *Link: **https://i.sstatic.net/gYezEZ3I.png https://i.sstatic.net/gYezEZ3I.png* *Expected output:* [image: expected output] https://i.sstatic.net/51hMKteH.png *Link: https://i.sstatic.net/51hMKteH.png https://i.sstatic.net/51hMKteH.png* Kumaresh P Engineering Lead P: +91 44 4596 4800 https://tnqtech.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/tnqtech/

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