The upcoming version 1.18.0 has some changes that are not compatible with previous versions but should only apply in kpse mode:

1) the debug library is disabled; can be enabled with --luadebug

2) os.rename os.remove and lfs library functions are checked
from kpse to see if the path is legal

I'm sure some packages that use debug won't work without --luadebug at least.

LuaLaTeX should be ok, and also ConTeXt mkiv should be ok.

luigi